Tactics would be considered calculations in the relatively short term. So if I give a check and capture something those are tactics.
Positional would be considered good and bad qualities of the position for which you give relatively small penalties and bonusses so the program is aware of them before the search can see consequences for them.
But as search goes deeper tactical and positional becomes more and more vague where positional qualities become tactical potential and so on.
A positional advantage is anything that leads to a superior position.
Examples include things like:
1. Controlling an open file or diagonal
2. Getting a space advantage
3. Getting a mobility advantage
4. Controlling the center
5. Pigs on the 7th
etc.
A tactical advantage is something that materializes such as winning a pawn or promoting a piece.
There are also tactical techniques such as battery, forks, discovered attacks, pins, etc.
These are tactical techniques because of their transient nature.
Tactical advantages usually materialize from positional superiority[*], but they can arise purely from a deep search in an inferior position.
[*] According to Yasser Seirawan, you should not even bother looking for tactical advantages until you have developed a superior position.
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